For the second time since 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday raised the highest alert by declaring Mpox a global health emergency as 14,000 cases with 524 deaths have been reported in Africa with the possibility of reaching other continents.
What is Mpox?
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family as smallpox.
Originally identified in monkeys, the disease can infect a variety of animals and humans.
Although historically rare, recent outbreaks have demonstrated their potential for widespread transmission.
Although generally less serious than smallpox, MPOX can pose significant health risks, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Global increase in cases
Between January and July 2024, approximately 14,500 cases of MPOX and more than 450 related deaths were reported, according to Africa’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
This marks a 160% increase in infections and a 19% increase in mortality compared to the same period in 2023.
While the Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for 96% of these cases, the disease has spread to other nearby nations, such as Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, where it is not typically endemic.
How does Mpox spread?
Mpox is mainly transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal.
Transmission can occur through direct contact with skin lesions or body fluids, respiratory droplets from close or prolonged exposure, and contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing.
Recognizing symptoms
The symptoms of Mpox can initially mimic other viral infections, but typically progress in different stages.
Early signs include fever, headache, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes.
As the infection progresses, a rash develops, starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body.
This rash develops into raised, fluid-filled blisters that eventually peel.
The disease can also cause fatigue, back pain, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or vomiting.
Global Health Response
As MPOX remains a concern for global health officials, understanding its transmission and symptoms is critical to managing and preventing its spread.
Public health measures, including awareness and early detection, are key to controlling outbreaks.
Those who suspect infection or exposure to MPOX are urged to seek medical advice and follow recommended precautions.
Health authorities and WHO continue to work to address this ongoing health challenge.
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